A new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from a thermal spring in Azores archipelago (São Miguel island, Atlantic Ocean)
keywords:
diatoms, epilithon, freshwater algae, Platichthys, thermal waater, volcanic island
Abstract
Background: Due to their isolation, islands offer excellent areas for the study of distribution of benthic diatoms. On the other hand, diatoms bearing canal raphe have received less attention compared to other groups of diatoms such as Navicula, Pinnularia or Amphora.
Questions: Is it possible that thermal springs on islands offer a refuge for infrequent diatom species?
Studied species: Platichthys furnensis C. Delgado, V. Gonçalves & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov.
Study site and dates: The species here described was collected in the epilithon of a thermal spring in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) in September 2015.
Methods: This new taxon was compared to other diatom species of the genera Nitzschia, Tryblionella, Entomoneis and Hantzschia and to the other species of the genus Platichthys. The morphology is documented by light and scanning electron images and discussed in detail.
Results: Platichthys furnensis was found in a thermal pool, a similar habitat to the one where P. krammeri type was collected in Chile in 1940. P. furnensis has many structures that are characteristic of the recently described genus Platichthys, including raised canal raphe and fibulae, compressed valve face, steep valve face and numerous open copulae.
Conclusions: The description of the new taxon is interesting because it is the first species within Platichthys to be described from the Northern Hemisphere.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
APHA. 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Ed. 19. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C., 541 pp.
Bahls, L. 2011. Entomoneis. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved May 15, 2020 from https://diatoms.org/genera/entomoneis.
Borrego-Ramos, M., Blanco, S., Olenici, A. 2018. Diatoms from the Valporquero Cave (León, NW Spain), with the description of Germainiella legionensis sp. nov. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 80(4): 181–189. DOI:10.4311/2017MB012.
Cantonati, M., Kelly, M.G. and Lange – Bertalot, H. 2017. Freshwater Benthic Diatoms of Central Europe. Over 800 common species used in ecological assessment. English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. Koeltz Botanical Books, 942 pp.
Cruz, J.V., Coutinho, R.M., Carvalho, M.R., Oskarsson, N., Gislason, S.R. 1999. Chemistry of waters from Furnas volcano, São Miguel, Azores: fluxes of volcanic carbon dioxide and leached material. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92: 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00073-6
Flower, R. 2005. A taxonomic and ecological study of diatoms from freshwater habitats in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic. Diatom Research 20(1): 23–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2005.9705620
Freire, P. 2006. Águas Minerais e Termais da ilha de São Miguel (Açores): caracterização hidrogeológica e implicações para a monitorização vulcanológica. MSc thesis, University of the Azores, 173pp.
Gonçalves, V., Marques, H. and Raposeiro, P.M. 2015. Diatom assemblages and their associated environmental drivers in isolated oceanic island streams (Azores archipelago as case study). Hydrobiologia 751(1): 89–103. DOI 10.1007/s10750-015-2174-8.
Guest, J.E., Gaspar, J.L., Cole, P.D., Queiroz, G., Duncan, A.M., Wallenstein, N., Ferreira, T. and Pacheco, J.-M. 1999. Volcanic geology of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00064-5
Hendey, N.I. (1937). The Plankton diatoms of the Southern seas. Discovery Rep. 16: 151–364.
Knattrup, A., Y de, M., Lundholm, N., and Ellegaard, M. 2007. A detailed description of a Danish strain of Nitzschia sigmoidea, the type species of Nitzschia, providing a reference for future morphological and phylogenetic studies of the genus. Diatom Research 22(1): 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2007.9705698
Kociolek, J.P., Sapulding, S.A. and Lowe, R.L. 2015. Bacillariophyceae: The Raphid diatoms. In: Freshwater algae of North America, chapter 16. Eds. John D. Wehr, Robert G. Sheath and J. Patrick Kociolek. Elsevier. 1025 pp.
Krammer, K. & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1986–1991): Bacillariophyceae, vol. 1-5.– In: Ettl, H.; Gerloff, J.; Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (eds): Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, VEB. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena, Germany.
Krammer, K. 2000. The genus Pinnularia. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 1. 703 pp., A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell.
Lange-Bertalot, H. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa und über 100 weitere neu definierte Taxa ergänzend zur Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa vol. 2/1–4. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 27: 1–164.
Lange-Bertalot, H. 2001. Navicula sensu stricto, 10 genera separated from Navicula sensu lato – In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 2. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell. 526 pp.
Lange–Bertalot, H., Cavacini, P., Tagliaventi, N. and Alfinito, S. 2003. Diatoms of Sardinia. Rare and 76 new species in rock pools and other ephemeral waters. – Iconogr. Diatomol. 12: 1–433.
Lange-Bertalot, H., Bak, M. Witkowski, A. and Tagliaventi, N. 2011. Diatoms of Europe: Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats. Volume 6: Eunotia and some related genera.
Lange-Bertalot, H., Witkowski A., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Seddon, A. W. R. and Kociolek, J.P. 2015. Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae. Phytotaxa 236 (2): 135–149. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3
Larrea, P., Wijbrans, J. R., Gale?, C., Ubide, T., Lago, M., França Z. and Widom, E. 2014. 40Ar/39Ar constraints on the temporal evolution of Graciosa Island, Azores (Portugal). Bulletin of Volcanology 76: 796. DOI 10.1007/s00445-014-0796-8.
Levkov, Z. 2009. Amphora sensu lato. – In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 5. 916 pp., A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell.
Liu, B., Williams, D.M. and Ector, L. 2018. Entomoneis triundulata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from Dongting Lake, China. Cryptogamie Algologie 39 (2): 239–253. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v39.iss2.2018.239.
Mann, D.G. 1986. Nitzschia subgenus Nitzschia. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Diatom Symposium (M. Ricard, ed.), 2 15-226. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.
Medlin, L. and Kaczmarska, I. 2004. Evolution of the diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43 (3): 245–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-3-245.1
Moore, R.B. 1990. Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, São Miguel, Azores. Bulletin of Volcanology 52: 602–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301211.
Moser, G., Lange-Bertalot, H. and Metzeltin, D. 1998. Insel der Endemiten Geobotanisches Phänomen Neukaledonien (Island of endemics New Caledonia - a geobotanical phenomenon). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 38: 1–464.
Novais, M.H., Blanco, S., Morais, M., Hoffmann, L. and Ector, L. 2015. Catalogue of continental diatoms from Portugal, including the Archipelagos of Azores and Madeira: updated nomenclature, distribution and bibliography. Diatom Monographs 17: 1–2245.
O'Meara, E. 1874. On diatoms from hot springs of Azores. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 14: 107–108.
Patrick, R. and Reimer, C.W. 1975. The diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Vol. 2, Part 1. Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae, Epithemiaceae. pp. [i]-ix, [1]-213, 28 pls. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Quintela, A., Almeida, S., Terroso, D., Ferreira da Silva, E., Forjaz, V. and Rocha F. 2013. Diatom assemblages of thermal and mineral waters from volcanic environments in São Miguel Island, Azores. Diatom Research 28: 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2013.822833.
Round, F. E. 1996. What characters define diatom genera, species and infraspecific taxa? Diatom Research 11(1): 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1996.9705372.
Round, F.E., Crawford R.M. and Mann D.G. 1990. The diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Seddon, A.W.R., Froyd, C.A., Witkowski, A. and Willis, K.J. 2014. A quantitative framework for analysis of regime shifts in a Galápagos coastal lagoon. Ecology 95 (11): 3046–3055. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1974.1.
Smith, W. (1853). Synopsis of British Diatomaceae. John Van Voorst, London 1853. 89 pp. 1-31.
Trobajo R., Rovira L., Ector L., Wetzel C.E., Kelly M. and Mann D. G. 2013. Morphology and identity of some ecologically important small Nitzschia species. Diatom Research 28: 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2012.734531.
Werum M. and Lange-Bertalot, H. 2004. Diatoms in springs from Central Europe and elsewhere under the influence of hydrogeology and anthropogenic impacts. Iconographia Diatomologica 13: 3–417.
Witkowski, A., Gomes, A., Mann, D.G., Trobajo, R., Li, C., Barka, F., Gusev, E., D?bek, P., Grzonka, J., Kurzyd?owski, K.J., Zg?obicka, I., Harrison, M. and Boski, T. 2015. Simonsenia aveniformis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), molecular, phylogeny and systematics of the genus, and a new type of canal raphe system. Scientific Reports 5: 17115. DOI: 10.1038/srep17115.
Bahls, L. 2011. Entomoneis. In Diatoms of North America. Retrieved May 15, 2020 from https://diatoms.org/genera/entomoneis.
Borrego-Ramos, M., Blanco, S., Olenici, A. 2018. Diatoms from the Valporquero Cave (León, NW Spain), with the description of Germainiella legionensis sp. nov. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 80(4): 181–189. DOI:10.4311/2017MB012.
Cantonati, M., Kelly, M.G. and Lange – Bertalot, H. 2017. Freshwater Benthic Diatoms of Central Europe. Over 800 common species used in ecological assessment. English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. Koeltz Botanical Books, 942 pp.
Cruz, J.V., Coutinho, R.M., Carvalho, M.R., Oskarsson, N., Gislason, S.R. 1999. Chemistry of waters from Furnas volcano, São Miguel, Azores: fluxes of volcanic carbon dioxide and leached material. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92: 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00073-6
Flower, R. 2005. A taxonomic and ecological study of diatoms from freshwater habitats in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic. Diatom Research 20(1): 23–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2005.9705620
Freire, P. 2006. Águas Minerais e Termais da ilha de São Miguel (Açores): caracterização hidrogeológica e implicações para a monitorização vulcanológica. MSc thesis, University of the Azores, 173pp.
Gonçalves, V., Marques, H. and Raposeiro, P.M. 2015. Diatom assemblages and their associated environmental drivers in isolated oceanic island streams (Azores archipelago as case study). Hydrobiologia 751(1): 89–103. DOI 10.1007/s10750-015-2174-8.
Guest, J.E., Gaspar, J.L., Cole, P.D., Queiroz, G., Duncan, A.M., Wallenstein, N., Ferreira, T. and Pacheco, J.-M. 1999. Volcanic geology of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00064-5
Hendey, N.I. (1937). The Plankton diatoms of the Southern seas. Discovery Rep. 16: 151–364.
Knattrup, A., Y de, M., Lundholm, N., and Ellegaard, M. 2007. A detailed description of a Danish strain of Nitzschia sigmoidea, the type species of Nitzschia, providing a reference for future morphological and phylogenetic studies of the genus. Diatom Research 22(1): 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2007.9705698
Kociolek, J.P., Sapulding, S.A. and Lowe, R.L. 2015. Bacillariophyceae: The Raphid diatoms. In: Freshwater algae of North America, chapter 16. Eds. John D. Wehr, Robert G. Sheath and J. Patrick Kociolek. Elsevier. 1025 pp.
Krammer, K. & Lange–Bertalot, H. (1986–1991): Bacillariophyceae, vol. 1-5.– In: Ettl, H.; Gerloff, J.; Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (eds): Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, VEB. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena, Germany.
Krammer, K. 2000. The genus Pinnularia. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 1. 703 pp., A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell.
Lange-Bertalot, H. 1993. 85 Neue Taxa und über 100 weitere neu definierte Taxa ergänzend zur Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa vol. 2/1–4. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 27: 1–164.
Lange-Bertalot, H. 2001. Navicula sensu stricto, 10 genera separated from Navicula sensu lato – In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 2. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell. 526 pp.
Lange–Bertalot, H., Cavacini, P., Tagliaventi, N. and Alfinito, S. 2003. Diatoms of Sardinia. Rare and 76 new species in rock pools and other ephemeral waters. – Iconogr. Diatomol. 12: 1–433.
Lange-Bertalot, H., Bak, M. Witkowski, A. and Tagliaventi, N. 2011. Diatoms of Europe: Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable Habitats. Volume 6: Eunotia and some related genera.
Lange-Bertalot, H., Witkowski A., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Seddon, A. W. R. and Kociolek, J.P. 2015. Taxonomy, frustular morphology and systematics of Platichthys, a new genus of canal raphe bearing diatoms within the Entomoneidaceae. Phytotaxa 236 (2): 135–149. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.3
Larrea, P., Wijbrans, J. R., Gale?, C., Ubide, T., Lago, M., França Z. and Widom, E. 2014. 40Ar/39Ar constraints on the temporal evolution of Graciosa Island, Azores (Portugal). Bulletin of Volcanology 76: 796. DOI 10.1007/s00445-014-0796-8.
Levkov, Z. 2009. Amphora sensu lato. – In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed): Diatoms of Europe 5. 916 pp., A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Ruggell.
Liu, B., Williams, D.M. and Ector, L. 2018. Entomoneis triundulata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new freshwater diatom species from Dongting Lake, China. Cryptogamie Algologie 39 (2): 239–253. https://doi.org/10.7872/crya/v39.iss2.2018.239.
Mann, D.G. 1986. Nitzschia subgenus Nitzschia. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Diatom Symposium (M. Ricard, ed.), 2 15-226. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.
Medlin, L. and Kaczmarska, I. 2004. Evolution of the diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43 (3): 245–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-3-245.1
Moore, R.B. 1990. Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, São Miguel, Azores. Bulletin of Volcanology 52: 602–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00301211.
Moser, G., Lange-Bertalot, H. and Metzeltin, D. 1998. Insel der Endemiten Geobotanisches Phänomen Neukaledonien (Island of endemics New Caledonia - a geobotanical phenomenon). Bibliotheca Diatomologica 38: 1–464.
Novais, M.H., Blanco, S., Morais, M., Hoffmann, L. and Ector, L. 2015. Catalogue of continental diatoms from Portugal, including the Archipelagos of Azores and Madeira: updated nomenclature, distribution and bibliography. Diatom Monographs 17: 1–2245.
O'Meara, E. 1874. On diatoms from hot springs of Azores. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 14: 107–108.
Patrick, R. and Reimer, C.W. 1975. The diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Vol. 2, Part 1. Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae, Epithemiaceae. pp. [i]-ix, [1]-213, 28 pls. Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Quintela, A., Almeida, S., Terroso, D., Ferreira da Silva, E., Forjaz, V. and Rocha F. 2013. Diatom assemblages of thermal and mineral waters from volcanic environments in São Miguel Island, Azores. Diatom Research 28: 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2013.822833.
Round, F. E. 1996. What characters define diatom genera, species and infraspecific taxa? Diatom Research 11(1): 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1996.9705372.
Round, F.E., Crawford R.M. and Mann D.G. 1990. The diatoms. Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Seddon, A.W.R., Froyd, C.A., Witkowski, A. and Willis, K.J. 2014. A quantitative framework for analysis of regime shifts in a Galápagos coastal lagoon. Ecology 95 (11): 3046–3055. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1974.1.
Smith, W. (1853). Synopsis of British Diatomaceae. John Van Voorst, London 1853. 89 pp. 1-31.
Trobajo R., Rovira L., Ector L., Wetzel C.E., Kelly M. and Mann D. G. 2013. Morphology and identity of some ecologically important small Nitzschia species. Diatom Research 28: 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2012.734531.
Werum M. and Lange-Bertalot, H. 2004. Diatoms in springs from Central Europe and elsewhere under the influence of hydrogeology and anthropogenic impacts. Iconographia Diatomologica 13: 3–417.
Witkowski, A., Gomes, A., Mann, D.G., Trobajo, R., Li, C., Barka, F., Gusev, E., D?bek, P., Grzonka, J., Kurzyd?owski, K.J., Zg?obicka, I., Harrison, M. and Boski, T. 2015. Simonsenia aveniformis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), molecular, phylogeny and systematics of the genus, and a new type of canal raphe system. Scientific Reports 5: 17115. DOI: 10.1038/srep17115.
Published
2020-10-27
How to Cite
Delgado, C., Gonçalves, V., Blanco, S., & Almeida, S. F. (2020). A new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from a thermal spring in Azores archipelago (São Miguel island, Atlantic Ocean). Botanical Sciences, 99(1), 169-181. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2680
Section
TAXONOMY AND FLORISTICS / TAXONOMÍA Y FLORÍSTICA
Copyright (c) 2021 Botanical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
